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Related:Exe Extractor Pc - Exe Extractor - Exe Code Extractor - Media Extractor Exe - Exe Image Extractor

Jan 14, 2019  The full working version of File Extractor, which allows actual file extraction, costs $0.99 as an in-app purchase. Kind of strange is the fact that the developer uses two different identities. One is it's website name of MacDaddy. The other is FelixDev, which is used at the Apple Mac App Store. His name is Ben Slaney. Download “The Unarchiver” first.It is totally free just like 7Zip. And it can be downloaded from the Mac App Store.Just use iTunes and search for the app. The app is relatively small so you should be able to get it installed for a few seconds depending on your internet speed.

The problem explained¶

Syslog (RFC3164, RFC5424) is the de factostandard logging protocol since the 1980s and was originally developed as part of the sendmail project. It comes with someannoying shortcomings that we tried to improve in GELF for application logging.

Because syslog has a clear specification in its RFCs it should be possible to parse it relatively easy. Unfortunatelythere are a lot of devices (especially routers and firewalls) out there that send logs looking like syslog but actuallybreaking several rules stated in the RFCs. We tried to write a parser that reads all of them as good as possible andfailed. Such a loosely defined text message usually breaks the compatibility in the first date field already. Somedevices leave out hostnames completely, some use localized time zone names (e. g. “MESZ” instead of “CEST”),and some just omit the current year in the timestamp field.

Then there are devices out there that at least do not claim to send syslog when they don’t but have another completelyseparate log format that needs to be parsed specifically.

We decided not to write custom message inputs and parsers for all those thousands of devices, formats, firmwares andconfiguration parameters out there but came up with the concept of Extractors introduced the v0.20.0 series of Graylog.

Graylog extractors explained¶

The extractors allow you to instruct Graylog nodes about how to extract data from any text in the receivedmessage (no matter from which format or if an already extracted field) to message fields. You may already know whystructuring data into fields is important if you are using Graylog: There are a lot of analysis possibilities withfull text searches but the real power of log analytics unveils when you can run queries likehttp_response_code:>=500ANDuser_id:9001 to get all internal server errors that were triggered by a specific user.

Wouldn’t it be nice to be able to search for all blocked packages of a given source IP or to get a quickterms analysisof recently failed SSH login usernames? Hard to do when all you have is just a single long text message.

Attention

Graylog extractors only work on text fields but won’t be executed for numeric fields or anything other than a string.

Creating extractors is possible via either Graylog REST API calls or from the web interface using a wizard. Selecta message input on the System -> Inputs page and hit Manage extractors in the actions menu. The wizard allowsyou to load a message to test your extractor configuration against. You can extract data using for example regularexpressions, Grok patterns, substrings, or even by splitting the message into tokens by separator characters.The wizard looks like this and should be pretty intuitive:

You can also choose to apply so called converters on the extracted value to for example convert a string consistingof numbers to an integer or double value (important for range searches later), anonymize IP addresses, lower-/uppercase astring, build a hash value, and much more.

Import extractors¶

The recommended way of importing extractors in Graylog is using Content packs. TheGraylog Marketplace provides access to many content packs that you can easilydownload and import into your Graylog setup.

You can still import extractors from JSON if you want to. Just copy the JSON extractor export into the import dialogof a message input of the fitting type (every extractor set entry in the directory tells you what type of input tospawn, e. g. syslog, GELF, or Raw/plaintext) and you are good to go. The next messages coming in should alreadyinclude the extracted fields with possibly converted values.

A message sent by Heroku and received by Graylog with the imported Heroku extractor set on a plaintext TCP inputlooks like this: (look at the extracted fields in the message detail view)

Using regular expressions to extract data¶

Extractors support matching field values using regular expressions.Graylog uses the Java Pattern class toevaluate regular expressions.

For the individual elements of regular expression syntax, please refer to Oracle’s documentation, however the syntaxlargely follows the familiar regular expression languages in widespread use today and will be familiar to most.

However, one key question that is often raised is matching a string in case insensitive manner. Java regular expressionsare case sensitive by default. Certain flags, such as the one to ignore case sensitivity can either be set in the code,or as an inline flag in the regular expression.

For example, to create an extractor that matches the browser name in the following user agent string:

the regular expression (applewebkit) will not match because it is case sensitive.In order to match the expression using any combination of upper- and lowercase characters use the (?i) flag as such:

Most of the other flags supported by Java are rarely used in the context of matching stream rules or extractors, but ifyou need them their use is documented on the same Javadoc page by Oracle. One common reason to use regular expression flagsin your regular expression is to make use of what is called non-capturing groups. Those are parentheses which only groupalternatives, but do not make Graylog extract the data they match and are indicated by (?:).

Using Grok patterns to extract data¶

Graylog also supports the extracting data using the popular Grok language to allow you to make use of your existing patterns.

Grok is a set of regular expressions that can be combined to more complex patterns, allowing to name different parts of thematched groups.

By using Grok patterns, you can extract multiple fields from a message field in a single extractor, which often simplifiesspecifying extractors.

Simple regular expressions are often sufficient to extract a single word or number from a log line, but if you know the entirestructure of a line beforehand, for example for an access log, or the format of a firewall log, using Grok is advantageous.

For example a firewall log line could contain:

We can now create the following patterns on the System/GrokPatterns page in the web interface:

Then, in the extractor configuration, we can use these patterns to extract the relevant fields from the line:

This will add the relevant extracted fields to our log message, allowing Graylog to search on those individual fields, whichcan lead to more effective search queries by allowing to specifically look for packets that came from a specific source IPinstead of also matching destination IPs if one would only search for the IP across all fields.

If the Grok pattern creates many fields, which can happen if you make use of heavily nested patterns, you can tell Graylog to skipcertain fields (and the output of their subpatterns) by naming a field with the special keyword UNWANTED.

Let’s say you want to parse a line like:

but you are only interested in the second number bytes. You could use a pattern like:

However, this would create three fields named type, bytes, and errors. Even not naming the first and last patterns wouldstill create a field names BASE10NUM. In order to ignore fields, but still require matching them use UNWANTED:

This now creates only a single field called bytes while making sure the entire pattern must match.

If you already know the data type of the extracted fields, you can make use of the type conversion feature built into the GraylogGrok library. Going back to the earlier example:

We know that the content of the field len is an integer and would like to make sure it is stored with that data type, so we canlater create field graphs with it or access the field’s statistical values, like average etc.

Grok directly supports converting field values by adding ;datatype at the end of the pattern, like:

The currently supported data types, and their corresponding ranges and values, are:

Type	Range	Example
byte	-128 .. 127	%{NUMBER:fieldname;byte}
short	-32768 .. 32767	%{NUMBER:fieldname;short}
int	-2^31 .. 2^31 -1	%{NUMBER:fieldname;int}
long	-2^63 .. 2^63 -1	%{NUMBER:fieldname;long}
float	32-bit IEEE 754	%{NUMBER:fieldname;float}
double	64-bit IEEE 754	%{NUMBER:fieldname;double}
boolean	true, false	%{DATA:fieldname;boolean}
string	Any UTF-8 string	%{DATA:fieldname;string}
date	See SimpleDateFormat	%{DATA:timestamp;date;dd/MMM/yyyy:HH:mm:ssZ}
datetime	Alias for date

There are many resources are the web with useful patterns, and one very helpful tool is the Grok Debugger,which allows you to test your patterns while you develop them.

Graylog uses Java Grok to parse and run Grok patterns.

Using the JSON extractor¶

Since version 1.2, Graylog also supports extracting data from messages sent in JSON format.

Using the JSON extractor is easy: once a Graylog input receives messages in JSON format, you can create an extractorby going to System -> Inputs and clicking on the Manage extractors button for that input. Next, you need to load amessage to extract data from, and select the field containing the JSON document. The following page let you add some extrainformation to tell Graylog how it should extract the information. Let’s illustrate how a message would be extractedwith an example message:

Using the default settings, that message would be extracted into these fields:

details.tags

one, two, three

level

ERROR

details.controller

IndexController

details.message

This is an example error message

In the create extractor page, you can also customize how to separate list of elements, keys, and key/values. It is also possibleto flatten JSON structures or expand them into multiple fields, as shown in the example above.

Automatically extract all key=value pairs¶

Sometimes you will receive messages like this:

You might want to extract all key=value pairs into Graylog message fields without having to specify all possible key names oreven their order. This is how you can easily do this:

Create a new extractor of type “Copy Input” and select to read from the field message. (Or any other string field that containskey=value pairs.) Configure the extractor to store the (copied) field value to the same field. In this case message. Thetrick is to add the “Key=Value pairs to fields” converter as last step. Because we use the “Copy Input” extractor, the converterwill run over the complete field you selected and convert all key=value pairs it can find.

This is a screenshot of the complete extractor configuration:

.. and this is the resulting message:

Normalization¶

Many log formats are similar to each other, but not quite the same. In particular they often only differ in the names attachedto pieces of information.

For example, consider different hardware firewall vendors, whose models log the destination IP in different fields of the message,some use dstip, some dst and yet others use destination-address:

You can use one or more non-capturing groups to specify the alternatives of the field names, but still be able to extract the aparentheses group in the regular expression. Remember that Graylog will extract data from the first matched group of the regularexpression. An example of a regular expression matching the destination IP field of all those log messages from above is:

This will only extract the IP address without caring about which of the three naming schemes was used in the original log message.This way you don’t have to set up three different extractors.

The standard date converter¶

Date parser converters for extractors allow you to convert extracted data into timestamps - Usually used to set the timestamp ofa message based on some date it contains. Let’s assume we have this message from a network device:

Extracting most of the data is not a problem and can be done easily. Using the date in the message (Mar 12 00:45:38) as Graylogmessage timestamp however needs to be done with a date parser converter.

Use a standard extractor rule to select the timestamp and apply the Date converter with a format string:

(format string table at the end of this page)

Standard date converter format string table¶

Symbol	Meaning	Presentation	Examples
G	era	text	AD
C	century of era (>=0)	number	20
Y	year of era (>=0)	year	1996
x	weekyear	year	1996
w	week of weekyear	number	27
e	day of week	number	2
E	day of week	text	Tuesday; Tue
y	year	year	1996
D	day of year	number	189
M	month of year	month	July; Jul; 07
d	day of month	number	10
a	halfday of day	text	PM
K	hour of halfday (0~11)	number	0
h	clockhour of halfday (1~12)	number	12
H	hour of day (0~23)	number	0
k	clockhour of day (1~24)	number	24
m	minute of hour	number	30
s	second of minute	number	55
S	fraction of second	millis	978
z	time zone	text	Pacific Standard Time; PST
Z	time zone offset/id	zone	-0800; -08:00; America/Los_Angeles
‘	escape for text	delimiter
‘’	single quote	literal	‘

The flexible date converter¶

Now imagine you had one of those devices that send messages that are not so easy to parse because they do not follow a stricttimestamp format. Some network devices for example like to send days of the month without adding a padding 0 for the first 9 days.You’ll have dates like Mar9 and Mar10 and end up having problems defining a parser string for that. Or maybe you havesomething else that is really exotic like just last wednesday as timestamp. The flexible date converter is accepting anytext data and tries to build a date from that as good as it can.

Examples:

• Mar 12, converted at 12:27:00 UTC in the year 2014: 2014-03-12T12:27:00.000
• 2014-3-12 12:27: 2014-03-12T12:27:00.000
• Mar 12 2pm: 2014-03-12T14:00:00.000

Note that the flexible date converter is using UTC as time zone by default unless you have time zone information in the parsed textor have configured another time zone when adding the flexible date converter to an extractor (see this comprehensive list of time zonesavailable for the flexible date converter).